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3n+1

Let \(S=\{3n+1:n\in\mathbb{N}\}\) be the set of numbers one more than a multiple of three.
(i) Show that \(S\) is closed under multiplication.
ie. Show that if \(a,b\in S\) then \(a\times b\in S\).
Let \(p\in S\) be irreducible if \(p\not=1\) and the only factors of \(p\) in \(S\) are \(1\) and \(p\). (This is equivalent to the most commonly given definition of prime.)
(ii) Can each number in \(S\) be uniquely factorised into irreducibles?

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If you enjoyed this puzzle, check out Sunday Afternoon Maths XXVIII,
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